Shawuoth 5775 (23-24 toukokuuta 2015)

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/181511

Megilath Ruth 
 http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2901.htm

Germaanisten juutalaisten tulo Ruotsiin

German-Jewish migration to Sweden -Interdisciplinary Perspectives on History, Identity ; Religion

http://www.teol.uu.se/digitalAssets/355/355416_3short-abstracts.pdf

• Wednesday, November 5

Session I: Biographies, Life’s work, Impacts I

Associate professor Anders Hammarlund, SM:

Lazarus –Simmel –Boas

The Jewish Reform Movement and the Origins of Kulturwissenschaft 1830-1930

Wissenschaft des Judentums, the modern scholarly study of all aspects of Jewish culture, history and religion can be regarded as the intellectual aspect of the German-Jewish reform movement. Its importance for the modern understanding of Jewish identity cannot be overestimated; however, it also fertilized the general development of the humanities and social sciences and contributed decisively the the emergence of German Kulturwissenschaft. In my contribution I focus on the productive cultural relationship between Berlin and its eastern Hinterland in Provinz Posen, a connection that was fruitful for the Swedish cultural scene as well, due to the strong links between the Jewish community in Sweden and the Jewish settings in the Prussian-Polish borderlands.

Dr. Carl Henrik Carlsson, UU :

Jakob Ettlinger –an ‘Untypical’ German Jew In Sweden

Ettlinger was born 1880 in Mannheim, Baden in a Neo-Orthodox family. As a young man he was employed by a large ore and metal business in Frankfurt am Main. In 1915 he came to Sweden with the intention of continuing to the U.S., but because of the war he had to remain in Sweden where he became the company’s representative and eventually its owner.True to his Neo-Orthodox upbringing, he was for many years president of the Orthodox synagogue in Stockholm, located in a rather poor neighborhood, where the Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe lived. Ettlinger himself lived in another part of town, the part where the Stockholm Jewish elite resided. Thus in his person he bridged the gap between the well-integrated Jewish elite in Stockholm, that adhered to Reform Judaism and the Orthodox immigrants. His home was open to immigrants, temporary visitors and eventually for Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany.

MA Harry R Svensson, SU:

The Ruben and Philip Families in Karlskrona.

Swedish “Port Jews”from Germany 

In 1780 Fabian Philip immigrated to Sweden from Bützow in Germany, to settle in Karlskrona and became a burgher of the City. After the Department of Finance issued the Regulations of Jews in 1782, Jews were only allowed to reside in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Norrköping.

By that time, Philip had turned to the Supreme Admiral of the Swedish Royal Navy and offered to build a sailcloth factory. Due to this offer, the admiral acquired permission from the King for Philip and his extended family to stay in Karlskrona.The Phillip family changed its name to Ruben in 1811 when the daughter of Fabian Philip, Eleonora, married Jerachmiel ben Moses Ruben. During the 19th Century the Ruben family continued sending its sons to Hamburg for business training and, in1880, Elise Wolf from Hamburg married Anton Ruben and moved to Karlskrona. On April 20, 1943 Elise Ruben, the German Jewish immigrant, was presented as one of the prominent  ladies of the city when her dresses were displayed on the local museum. Karlskrona was the only naval city of Sweden and constituted a distinct maritime society. The city was constructed to support the Swedish Royal Navy. Karlskrona was run by the burghers but the informal power was found within the ranks of the naval officers. During the 1790’s Fabian Philip was integrated by the naval officers of Karlskrona which is probably why the family stayed in Karlskrona even though the economy of the city went into decline after 1815.

• Thursday, November 6 Keynote II:

Professor Dr. Helmut Müssener, UU:

Schwedisch-deutsch-jüdische Beziehungen. Eine Desideratenarie Swedish-German-Jewish Relations. A Desideratum.

The lecture is based on the current state of research and has become a catalog of various questions still awaiting an answer.These include who defines the research subject how; the mapping of immigration routes;  genealogy; and the lack of studies on the Swedish economy in the 19th century. The Swedish saying die dummen Schweden [the stupid Swedes] will be touched on, as well as the problem of when and according to whom does a “German Jew” become a “Swedish Jew”and how, up into the 20th century, “German” stood for “Jew”.The extent as to which the Jewish Austrian authors Franzos and Sacher-Masoch influenced the image of Eastern European Jews in Sweden will be explored. Using the example of the Judisk Tidskrift , it will be seen if and how the refugees influenced Swedish Jewish cultural life after 1933. The question will also be raised if Swedish flagellantism led to the lack of studies of aid initiatives after 1933. The lecture concludes with the claim that Sweden could serve academic research as a laboratoryr questions of assimilation and integration  

Session II: Refugees from Nazi Germany ; Swedish Immigration Policy I

Professor Dr. Michael Scholz, UU ;Professor Dr. HelmuMüssener, UU:

Wolfgang Steinitz, die Gründung der Emigrantenselbsthilfe und ihre Tätigkeit Wolfgang Steinitz, the founding and activities of the Self-Help Group for Émigrés Emigranten Selbsthilfe.By presenting the Emigranten-Selbsthilfe, a Jewish self-help group for émigrés founded in Sweden at the end of 1938 and which probably continued to exist until the end of the 1970’s, we want to change the understanding of Jewish refugees and émigrés as objects and/or victims. The Emigranten-Selbsthilfe, also known as ES or Emigranternas Självhjälp, hasn’t been forgotten, but little is known about it today, although it was “the largest Jewish association” in Stockholm in 1949 (according to ES accounts in 1949). Initially, using historiographic deliberations, the reasons for this will be discussed. After a presentation of the founding history and a short introduction of the most important people involved, including Fritz Hollander and Wolfgang Steinitz, we will gain a first impression of the specific activities of the organization using documents such as accounting reports, bulletins, invitations and job lists. Furthermore, we will explore what this organization meant to the people at the time and which lessons for the present can be drawn from this experience.

MA Pontus Rudberg, UU:

A Difficult Duty.  Swedish Jewish Refugee Aid, Relief and Rescue Efforts during the Nazi Era.

The aim of this presentation is to share some of the results of my ongoing PhD-project, dealing with the Swedish Jewish minority’s response to the Nazi persecution and genocide of the Jews.  However, here I will concentrate on the Swedish Jewish aid efforts during the period before the German policy shifted from forced migration to genocide. I will particularly discuss refugee aid, relief and political actions and the Swedish Jewish cooperation with German and other foreign Jewish organizations and representatives. Already in 1933 the Jewish Community of Stockholm cooperated with the major international Jewish relief organizations and received instructions from German Jewish organizations. What did the Swedish Jews do to aid Jews in Germany and what determined their actions? How did the connections with the foreign Jewish organizations influence the Swedish Jewish response? These are the questions that will be dealtwith in the presentation.  

Session III:  Refugees from Nazi Germany; Swedish Immigration Policy II

Dr. Irene Nawrocka, ÖAW:

Der deutschsprachige Bermann-Fischer Verlag (S. Fischer) in Stockholm und Gottfried Bermann Fischer in Stockholm und Gottfried Bermann Fischers Zusammenarbeit mit der Verlegerfamilie Bonnier, 1938–1948

The publisher Gottfried Bermann Fischer (S. Fischer) and his involvement with the Swedish Bonnier family of publishers in Stockholm (1938–1948)  The S. Fischer Verlag publishing house was founded in 1886 by Samuel Fischer in Berlin. Fischer published authors such as Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Arthur Schnitzler, Felix Salten and Hermann Hesse and was considered to bethe publisher of Naturalism. Many Scandinavian authors like Jan Peter Jacobsen, Arne Gaborg, Ellen Key, Gustav af Geijerstam, Henrik Ibsen and Hermann Bang could also be found on his program. In May 1933-after the Nazis took over power in Germany- many publishing houses left the country. The Bermann-Fischer Verlag in Stockholm became the third significant publisher of German language exile literature. Bermann Fischer had to act quickly not to lose the rights to his authors and contacted Karl Otto Bonnier. The Albert Bonnier publishing house in Stockholm could look back on a long tradition as a family business, like S. Fischer. The Bonnier family, who were of Jewish extraction themselves, was prepared to come to Gottfried Bermann Fischer’s aid. In 1940, Gottfried Bermann Fischer emigrated to the U.S.A. and founded the English language L. B. Fischer Publishing Corporation in New York, for which the Bonnier family also provided financial backing. Through their involvement in the Bermann-Fischer Verlag in Stockholm, the Bonnier publishing family made a significant contribution to the creation of German language exile literature.

Associate professor Henrik Rosengren, LU:

Cultural Encounters.German-Jewish Composers in Swedish Exile

My paper is based on my book Från tysk höst till tysk vår (From German Autumn to German Spring) (Nordic Academic Press 2013).The book is a collective biographical analysis of five individuals and their exile experiences and contributions to the Swedish music scene in the aftermath of Nazism and in the shadow of the Cold War. Hans Holewa, Maxim Stempel, Ernst Emsheimer, Herbert Connor and Richard Engländer migrated to Sweden from Nazi Germany and Austria via countries such as Denmark and the Soviet Union during the second half of the 1930s. They worked as composers, music writers, musicians, researchers and educators. As Jews they fled Nazism as supposed enemies of Germany and of what was regarded as “German”.They arrived in Sweden with a German-speaking cultural heritage with which they could contribute to the continuity between the Swedish and German music scenes. As refugees, and in some cases leftists, they were also subject to extensive monitoring of the Swedish security police.

Dr. Izabela Dahl, GU:

Die Station des Lebens. Deutsche jüdische Alma Maters Töchter im schwedischen Exil

The academic careers of women in Germany began with their general admission to study at the universities, which started in 1909 and with their right to Habilitation, which was introduced in 1921. On April 7th 1933 the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was adopted in German Reich and the dismissals from the German research centers and universities enforced Jewish scientists of international reputation, professors of every discipline as well as a large number of younger men and women who were Privat-Dozents and assistants to search for continuation of life and work abroad. In my presentation I will argue that the changed political circumstances and the prelude to the Holocaust affected men and women in a different manner. An expression for the difference is the inauguration of the first monument for a female Jewish scientist in Germany, Lise Meitner, as late as in summer 2014.The main focus of my presentation will deal with the question what the exile meant to this new group of scientists and intellectuals. Taking some examples in individual biographical sketches of intellectual women in Swedish exile, I will emphasize on three main topics in order to avoid a purely performance-related consideration of the exiled women lives: the organization of the everyday life, the challenge of language and exile as a new sphere for the continuation of the professional work.

Session IV: Kindertransporte

Associate professor Pär Frohnert, SU:

Swedish Christian Refugee relief and the Austrian-Jewish converts, 1938-1945

In 1938 the Swedish Israel Mission (SIM) had obtained a quota of 300 refugees for transit visas  to Sweden. Several of the grown-ups, consisting almost exclusively by young men from Vienna, were placed in a camp run by the Swedish Missionary Society, which was a Free Church. SIM, however, was close to the State church.The focus in the paper is on the relief work of the Missionary Society. The State Church and even more so the Free Churches were indeed strongly critical towards the German persecution of the Jews, but restrained publicly. In the same way as other idealistic refugee relief organisations SIM and the Missionary Society on the whole took care only for "their own" refugees. Those who were admitted mostly came from a bourgeois background and most of them were converts.The camp was funded by the Missionary Society and mainly in a philantropical way. From July 1939 some state support was received.

Most work places that the Society was able to arrange were within agriculture. Almost everybody was able to leave the camp. The existence in the camp consisted of work  and education, and also prayers. The main motive for the relief work was the Christian charity. The adolescents were looked upon as children and were spoken of as "our lads".  

 Dr. Thomas Pammer, UW: 

 The Work of Svenska Israelsmissionen in Vienna from the 1920s to the 1970s

Svenska Israelsmissionen (SIM) started its activities in Vienna in 1921 with the conversion of Jews to Christianity as the primary objective. Only after impoverished Christians of Jewish descent fled Germany for Austria from 1933 onwards, some sort of relief work was organised, which was considerably expanded after 1938. Research focused a lot on the Mission's rescue of up to 3.000 Jews and Christians of Jewish descent, about 250-300 to Sweden, where they made up about a quarter of the Austrian exile. Beyond that, SIM organised many other aid programmes and even after it was closed down by the Nazi authorities mid-1941, the mission continued its relief work in one of the largest Swedish humanitarian efforts for racially persecuted Austrians and Germans. For example, thousands of food parcels and significant amounts of money were sent into ghettos and concentration camps (most notably, Theresienstadt). Under the protection of Swedish neutrality, SIM also acted as a proxy for other aid organisations. Nevertheless, SIM faced some criticism recently, above all for its theological basis and its reluctance to make public their knowledge of Nazi crimes

MA Merethe Aagaard Jensen, IJGÖ:

Die Rettung jüdischer Kinder und Jugendlicher nach Schweden betrachtet aus einem skandinavischen Blickwinke

The Rescue of Jewish Children and Youths to Sweden from a Scandinavian Perspective“ After the so-called Anschluss of Austria to the German Reich min March 1938, the persecution of the Austrian Jews began with tremendous brutality. Thus, a distinct Austrian experience can be argued. Despite the traumatic experiences the 330 Austrian Jewish children and youths, who from 1938 to 1940 were rescued to the Scandinavian Countries without their parents, often kept a sense of identification with –above all –their native city Vienna. The aid organizations, which took care of these young refugees, had many meeting points and held contact with each other. This is why they can be considered as an aid network of sorts. Regarding the care for Jewish children and youths in Scandinavian countries, the involvement of the members of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom is a common denominator. In Sweden, the members of the Women’s League collected money for this support work. They were involved in the allocation of children and youths, who were entrusted to the Jewish community and the Swedish Israel Mission, to foster families. In addition,  German-Jewish migration to Sweden -Interdisciplinary Perspectives on History, Identity Religion these women were also actively involved in the founding and operation of the refugee home for girls in Göteborg.

Dr.Clemens Maier-Wolthausen, TU:

Saving the children.

Kindertransports to Sweden "Kinder gut angekommen" -The Children's Quota of Mosaiska Församlingen in Stockholm. Around 500 Jewish children from Germany and Austria travelled to Sweden as part of the "barnkvot" -the children's quota. The aim was to release the parents from the burden of caring for the children amidst the frantic preparations for emigration from the German Reich and provide the children with a place to stay unharmed by persecution and humiliation. In theory the children were to be reunited with the parents in a third country. The quota was a response of the Jewish Community of Stockholm's rescue committee to the reports of the November-riots in 1938 and the plight of German-Jewish organizations. The cornerstone of the quota were donations by Swedish Jews to guarantee that the children would not become a burden to the public.The presentation will describe the single largest rescue effort by the Swedish Jewish community in the context of Swedish immigration policies and the Jewish community's response to it and put it into context of efforts to help German Jews in a phase of intensified persecution that resulted in very similar schemes in various countries -most notably in Great Britain.

• Friday, November 7 Keynote III:

Associate professor Lena Roos, UU:

Gottlieb Klein. Wissenschaft des Judentums in Sweden

Gottlieb Klein (1852–1914) became rabbi of the Jewish congregation of Stockholm in 1983. As a former student of Abraham Geiger, he became an important representative of liberal Judaism in Scandinavia. As a scholar of religion he was in contact with fellow scholars and Swedish church leaders such as Nathan Söderblom, which can be studies through their correspondence. Klein also lectured on the Talmud for theology students in Uppsala, and was one of the driving forces behind the Society for the Study or Religions in Stockholm. The presentation will focus on his contributions to the early development of the field of the Study of Religions in Sweden.

Walla kertoo Nepalin tilanteesta . Oor Assarafi Z"L on löytynyt eilen.

 4.5. 2015 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/28/nepal-earthquake-victims-not-helped-by-callous-foreign-office-says-briton
Monsita maista on vielä maanvyörymän uhreja kateissa, mutta japanilaiset ja isralilaiset ovat etsineet viimeisimmätkin omansa  esiin. Oor Assaraf löytyi  jättikivien vyöryn alle jääneenä hyvin vaikeasta  maastosta  ja hänet löydettiin  sitkein , itsensä  suureen  vaaraan altistanein   israelilaisjoukoin. Hänet saatetaan kotimaahan haudanlepoon.



 3.5. 2015

Todettuja kuolleita on 7040. Eilen P-nepalista  saatiin rauniosita esiin 50 ruumista, osa ulkomalaisia, muta  he ovat tunnsitusta vailla. Yli neljäsosa  kansasta on kärsinyt  tavalla tai toisella maanjäristyksestä , 8.1 miljoonaa henkilöä.  Koko kansan  lukumäärä on 28 miljoonaa.
Tänään Israelin armeijan  yksi kone palaa  Israeliin ja siinä on 30 turistia mukana Vain yksi israelilainen  on nyt kateissa: Oor Assaraf, 22 vuotias vuoristomatkalainen. Arvellaan nähdyn hänet viimeksi Langtang alueella ja juuri sitä aluetta kohtasi  laaja maanvyörymä  (landslide) vahvaan järistyksen korreloivana. .  Etsitään kadonneita  ainakin kahta sataa.

Oor Assarafin etsintöjen jatkumisesta Nepalissa. Langtang- maanvyörymäalueella

3.5. 2015 Aruzshevalähteestä
Some of the IDF's medical and rescue delegation are returning to Israel on Sunday, the IDF Spokesperson's Office announced Saturday night, eight days after the devastating earthquake which shook Nepal.
Part of the delegation will remain in the Kathmandu area to continue the search for 22 year-old Or Assaraf, the only Israeli still unaccounted-for. A different team will continue running the field hospital established by the IDF and will remain as long as possible to continue saving lives.
So far, the delegation of IDF troops, medical teams from Magen David Adom and United Hatzalah, and Foreign Ministry personnel has been instrumental in locating over 200 people; the field hospital has cared for 438 people, conducted 33 surgeries, and delivered 5 babies - two normal births and three caesarean sections.
Meanwhile, days after expressing unparalleled optimism for their missing son, the Assaraf family stated to Channel 2 Sunday that they refuse to give up. The Assaraf family appealed to the public on Saturday for help in finding Or, although his sister stated that many anonymous tips have led to dead ends.
"We have received an update on a Dutch man named Fabian who was extracted from the area two days ago who thought he had seen Or," she said. "He survived there for several days, since the earthquake, and we want to use that to find additional information."
However, she noted, Fabian is in such shock that he is unable to help him much. Or's father Patrick has been busy on the ground looking for his son as they wait.
"My father is now in the war room and helps in everything he can," she said, remarking on Patrick's optimism - which is waning. "With each passing day it's more difficult to believe he's safe and sound. "
Assaraf was last seen in the Langtang area. A special team of rescue workers and ZAKA volunteers was sent on Saturday to find him; the team also included a geologist and a local guide, along with rescue equipment and special cameras to search the area. 
Last Saturday's earthquake in Nepal measured 7.8 on the Richter scale - the country's worst in 81 years. As of Sunday morning, the death toll has exceeded 7,000 people. Some estimates have placed the injured count at 14,000-15,000.

Suomalainen UNTSO-operaatioon osallistuva sotilastarkkailija haavoittui lievästi Syyria-Israel rajalla

Suomalainen loukkaantui tulituksessa Syyrian ja Israelin rajalla

HS, Ulkomaat 1.5.2015 14:37 Päivitetty: 1.5.2015 15:07

Jukka Perttu

Helsingin Sanomat

Suomalainen YK:n UNTSO-operaatioon osallistuva sotilastarkkailija loukkaantui lievästi perjantaina kello yhdeksältä Syyrian ja Israelin rajalla, Puolustusvoimat kertoi. Tarkkailija on ollut alueella jo useita kuukausia ja tottunut oloihin, kertoo everstiluutnantti Juha-Pekka Salmi.
Sotilastarkkailija loukkaantui raja-alueella tarkkailuasemalla, kun kapinalliset tulittivat Syyrian puolelta aseman yli.
Osa ammuksista räjähti ilmassa, jolloin aseman pommisuojaan siirtymässä ollut suomalainen loukkaantui paineaallon ja sirpaleiden vaikutuksesta lievästi. Hän sai iskemiä ja haavaumia selkään, niskaan ja pohkeisiin.
Arvion mukaan iskua ei ollut kohdistettu YK:n tarkkailijoihin, vaan se liittyi kapinallisten väliseen taisteluun. Salmi kertoo, että alueella toimii useita kapinallisryhmiä. Suuret ryhmittymät jakautuvat vielä pienempiin ryhmiin. Siitä ei ole tietoa, minkä ryhmän tulituksesta suomalainen loukkaantui.
Sotilastarkkailijan tutkinut lääkäri totesi vammat lieviksi. Loukkaantunut on kuitenkin toimitettu israelilaiseen sairaalaan jatkotutkimuksiin.
Loukkaantunut tarkkailija on tiedottanut asiasta omaisilleen. Salmi arvioi, että vammat ovat siksi lievät, ettei tarkkailijan tarvitse palata loukkaantumisen vuoksi Suomeen.