Memorial Book of the Community of Turka on the Stryj and Vicinity (Turka, Ukraine) - Translation of Sefer Zikaron le-Kehilat Turka al nehar Stryj ve-ha-Seviva
- Memorial Book of the Community of Turka on the Stryj and Vic
- "Turka
Turka is a Ukrainian town situated on the left bank of the river Stryi. Jews first came to Turka in the 1800s. The first synagogue, Jewish cemetery and the Jewish old age home were built in 1730. In 1903, Turka began to flourish when a railway line connected the city with Lwow and with Budapest, and the Austrian government authorized the founding of an official Jewish community. Business expanded, especially the lumber business. Jews owned the sawmills, had licenses to sell liquor. Others worked at various trades - tailoring, shoemaking, barbering, clock making, and lock smithing. Many of the physicians and lawyers in Turka were Jews. Yiddish theatre came to Turka and interest was sparked in cultural events, sports events, and political events. Some Jews were Zionists, some were Hassids, some were socialists, and some were assimilationists. After the Great War, Galicia reverted to Poland, the city had been plundered by the Russian army; many Jews had left, and all Jewish property had been destroyed. There were Ukrainian revolts and Jewish pogroms. Nevertheless, after the War, there were approximately 6,000 inhabitants in Turka, 41% of whom were Jewish. Another 7,000 Jews lived in the surrounding villages. The Jewish population managed to rebuild. Just prior to World War II, 10,000 people lived in Turka; half were Jewish.
The catastrophe began when the Germans turned against the Soviet Union in June 1941 and Turka was captured by the Wehrmacht. The Jews of Turka were massacred, or starved to death, or sent to the Sambir ghetto and, hence, to the crematoria. There are no Jews left in Turka today. This book serves as a memorial to the Jewish community of Turka. It should be if interest to researchers and descendants of the town".
- Turka, Ukraine is located at: 49 09' North Latitude and 23 02' East Longitude Alternate names for the town are: Turka Polish, Ukrainian], Turka al nehar Stry Hebrew], Turka and Stryjem
Nearby Jewish Communities:
Melnychne 2 miles S,
Nyzhnya Yablun'ka 4 miles SW
Borynya 6 miles SSW,
Sokoliki, Poland 8 miles WSW
Yabluniv 8 miles SSE,
Sianky 11 miles SSW,
Dźwiniacz G rny, Poland 11 miles W,
Tarnawa Niżna, Poland 11 miles W,
Limna 11 miles NW,
Strelki 13 miles N,
Bitlya 13 miles SSW,
Uzhok 14 miles SSW,
Dovhe 14 miles E,
Volosyanka 15 miles SW,
Skhidnitsya 15 miles ENE,
Podbuzh 16 miles NE,
Lutowiska, Poland 17 miles WNW,
Tykhyy 18 miles SSW,
Smozhe 19 miles SSE,
Stavnoye 19 miles WSW,
Boryslav 20 miles ENE,
- Staryy Sambor 20 miles N, https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/sambor/samxix.html
Bukovets 20 miles SSW,
Lyuta 21 miles SW,
Orov 23 miles E,
Truskavets 23 miles ENE,
- Stara Sil' 23 miles N,
https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/pinkas_poland/pol2_00377.html Stara Sól is first mentioned as an urban settlement in 1421. Its residents were primarily occupied in agriculture and salt mining. Regarding the origins of the Jews of Stara Sól: a royal charter of rights was given to the residents of the city of Stara Sól in 1615, stating that the Jews were forbidden from owning private houses and from working in agriculture and commerce. Despite this ban, Jews continued to live in the city, and were economically active. Sources from 1617 speak of the “Jew Moshe of Stara Sól” who apparently worked in salt mining and salt trade. In 1701–1704, Shmuel Chajmowicz was the primary lessee of the manufacture and trade of salt in the place.[Page 378]He exported 18,00 barrels of salt annually to the commercial centers of Poland.
In 1776, a large fire destroyed a sizable portion of the houses of the city. Many Jewish homes were also damaged in the fire. For a time, Jews were forbidden from building new houses. At the end of the 18th century, the number of permanent Jewish residents of Stara Sól declined to 21. However, a strengthening of the economic activity of the Jews of the city began in the middle of the 19th century, and the size of the community grew noticeably. They continued in the salt business, and broadened their fields of commerce to include agricultural products. Flourmills and sawmills in the town and the area were under Jewish ownership. In the 1860s, Rabbi Avraham Moshe the son of Rabbi Efraim Tzvi served as the rabbi of the community. Rabbi David the son of Rabbi Yehoshua Reis occupied the rabbinical seat in 1870. Rabbi Pinchas the son of Rabbi Shimon–Elimelech Rimalt served as rabbi of Stara Sól at the beginning of the 1890s. After the First World War, Rabbi Ephraim Langnaur served there. He also served as the rabbi of several other cities of the region.
Between the two world wars, the Jews of Stara Sól were in a perpetual economic crisis. The government monopoly of salt manufacturing and marketing affected the primary source of livelihood of the members of the community. Many families left the place and moved to larger settlements.Ten shekels were sold in Stara Sól before the 14th Zionist Congress. In 1927, only five were sold. For the 17th Zionist Congress in 1939, 14 votes were cast for the General Zionists, and 1 for the Revisionists.Stara Sól was under Soviet rule from 1939–1941. The Jews suffered the usual tribulations of that era.
- Skole 23 miles ESE,
Verkhneye Sinevidnoye 25 miles E,
Drohobych 25 miles ENEFollowing the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, on 30 June 1941, Drohobycz was recaptured by Germany. A brutal pogrom ensued, as a result of which over 400 people perished. In July 1941, Germans established the Judenrat. On 30 November 1941, 300 Jews were shot dead in the Bronicki Forest. Hundreds of people died of cold and starvation in the winter of 1941/42. Judenrat was making efforts to solve the situation by organising workshops which allowed people to benefit from participating in the production process. 1,300 Jews were employed in the petroleum industry. Despite that, 2,000 Jews were deported to the extermination camp in Bełżec in March 1942. On 8 August 1942, Germans, together with Ukrainian police, murdered 600 Jews, sending further 2,500 to Bełżec. At that point a decision to create a ghetto for the remaining 9,000 people was made. On 23/24 October 1942 another transport of 2,300 Jews left for Bełżec; 200 patients of the local hospital were murdered. Deportations continued in November 1942; on 15 February 1943, 450 people, including 300 women, were murdered in the Bronicki Forest. Only people working under the forced labour camp regime were spared by Germans. In March 1943 800 of those perished in the Bronicki Forest. As a result of subsequent murders and deportations, the remnants of the ghetto ultimately ceased to exist in April 1944.
https://sztetl.org.pl/en/towns/d/814-drohobych/99-history/137258-history-of-community
Stebnik 26 miles ENE,
- Sambir 26 miles NNE,ml https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/sambor/sambor.html
Skelevka 27 miles N,
Nyzhni Vorota 27 miles S,
Sil' 27 miles WSW,
Krościenko, Poland 27 miles NW,
- Lavoch
und Leipzig. miles WSW,
Husne Wyzne 7 miles SSW,
Husne Nizne 7 miles SSW
- Lavoch=Lawocsne
- Drohobych= Drohobycz
- Zydaczow
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